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United States Department of War
The United States Department of War, also called the ''War Department'' (and occasionally ''War Office'' in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army. The War Department also bore responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798 and for most land-based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force in 1947.
The Secretary of War headed the war department throughout its existence. The Secretary of War, a civilian with such responsibilities as finance and purchases and a minor role in directing military affairs, headed the War Department.
The War Department existed from 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it split into Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force and joined the Department of the Navy as part of the new joint ''National Military Establishment'' (NME), renamed the United States Department of Defense in 1949.
==History==
Shortly after the establishment of a strong government under President George Washington in 1789, Congress created the War Department as a civilian agency to administer the field army under the president (as commander in chief) and the secretary of war.〔(Chap. VII. 1 Stat. 49 ) from ("A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U. S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875" ). Library of Congress, Law Library of Congress. Retrieved March 24, 2012.〕 Retired senior General Henry Knox, then in civilian life, served as the first United States Secretary of War.〔Richard H. Kohn, ''Eagle and Sword the Beginnings of the Military Establishment in America'' (1975) ch 6〕
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